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57.
Such are their rights in war; in peace the powers given them are as follows: at all public sacrifices the kings first sit down to the banquet and are first served, each of them receiving a portion double of what is given to the rest of the company; they make the first libations, and the hides of the sacrificed beasts are theirs.
[2]
At each new moon and each seventh day of the first part of the month, a full-grown victim for Apollo's temple, a bushel of barley-meal, and a Laconian quart1 of wine are given to each from the public store, and chief seats are set apart for them at the games.
[3]
It is their right to appoint whatever citizens they wish to be protectors of foreigners;2 and they each choose two Pythians. (The Pythians are the ambassadors to Delphi and eat with the kings at the public expense.) If the kings do not come to the public dinner, two choenixes of barley-meal and half a pint of wine are sent to their houses, but when they come, they receive a double share of everything; and the same honor shall be theirs when they are invited by private citizens to dinner.
[4]
They keep all oracles that are given, though the Pythians also know them. The kings alone judge cases concerning the rightful possessor of an unwedded heiress, if her father has not betrothed her, and cases concerning public roads.
[5]
If a man desires to adopt a son, it is done in the presence of the kings. They sit with the twenty-eight elders in council; if they do not come, the elders most closely related to them hold the king's privilege, giving two votes over and above the third which is their own.3
1 The content of a “Laconian τετάρτη“ is uncertain; for the date, see How and Wells ad loc.
2 Usually, the πρόξενος is a citizen who out of friendship for a particular state undertakes the protection of its nationals in his city; e.g. Miltiades at Athens is the πρόξενος of Sparta. But here he is apparently an official appointed to watch over the interests of all foreign residents.
3 “Herodotus, though the expression is obscure, probably means not that each king had two votes, but that two votes were given for the two absent kings, and that the vote of the relative who acted as proxy for both was the third.” How and Wells, p. 87.
Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920.
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References (41 total)
- Commentary references to this page
(3):
- Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Electra, 280
- C.E. Graves, Commentary on Thucydides: Book 4, CHAPTER XVI
- E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides Book 1, 1.20
- Cross-references to this page
(9):
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), BIDIAEI
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), COSMI
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), E´PHORI
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), EPICLE´RUS
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), GEROU´SIA
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), HOSPI´TIUM
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), PY´THII
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), TELOS
- Smith's Bio, Hebdoma'getes
- Cross-references in notes to this page
(2):
- Herodotus, The Histories, Hdt. 7.103
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Thuc. 1.20
- Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page
(27):
- LSJ, Πύθι^ος
- LSJ, δημο-τελής
- LSJ, βουλ-εύω
- LSJ, διπλ-άσιος
- LSJ, ἕβδομος
- LSJ, ἑβδομ-α_γέτης
- LSJ, ἐγγυ^άω
- LSJ, ἐμπολέμ-ιος
- LSJ, εἰρηναῖος
- LSJ, γέρων
- LSJ, ἵστημι
- LSJ, ἵζω
- LSJ, ἱερεῖον
- LSJ, κοτύλ-η
- LSJ, νουμην-ία
- LSJ, παρίζω
- LSJ, πατροῦχος
- LSJ, περ
- LSJ, ποιέω
- LSJ, πρόξενος
- LSJ, πρόσκειμαι
- LSJ, προεδρ-ία
- LSJ, θετός
- LSJ, σπονδ-αρχία
- LSJ, σύνοιδα
- LSJ, τέταρτος
- LSJ, ψῆφος
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